Limitations of ID1
· Does not use integrated wholes, which are used for complex phenomena. ID1 split concepts to components such as facts, concepts, rules or procedures. ID1 does not help students integrate these components to wholes (Cognitive psychology serve to organize the knowledge and to facilitate recall and further learning)· ID1 is passive not interactive due to its formation before interactive media.
· None of the strategies adequate account for different levels of instructional outcomes. This is another fault in which the interactive nature of the technology is not considered.
· For one hour of instruction 200 hours of design hours is needed.
· Too many instructions as designer must compose every instructional strategy from basic display element
No means to integrate expertise about teaching to the design process. Essentially ID1 theories are closed systems.